27 Haziran 2010 Pazar
11 Haziran 2010 Cuma
SORU CÜMLESİ YAPISI
Soru cümlesi yaparken –to be fiili başa geçer ve ardından şahıs zamirleri ile cümleye devam ederiz.
Am | I |
Are | you |
Are | we |
Are | they |
Is | he |
Is | she |
Is | it |
-Am I late? (Geç miyim? ) (em ay leyt?)
-Are you OK? (İyi misin?/İyi misiniz?) (ar yu okey?)
-Are we ready?(Hazır mıyız? ) (ar vi redi?)
-Are they busy? (ar dey bizi?)
-Is she old? (O kadın/kız yaşlı mı?) (iz şi old?)
-Is he there? (O erkek orada mı? ) (iz hi der?)
-Is this a cat ? ( O bir kedi mi? ) ( is dis e ket?)
Bu soruları cevaplandırırken yanıtımızın olumlu veya olumsuz olmasına göre:
-Am I late? ( Geçmiyim? ) (em ay leyt?)
- Yes, you’re. (Evet, öylesin.) (yes, yu ar.)
-No, you aren’t.(Hayır, değilsin.) (no, yu arınt.)
- Is she a nurse? (Yes) ( O kız bir hemşire midir? -(Evet)) ( iz şi e nörs?)
- Yes, she is.(Evet, öyledir.) (yes, şi iz.)
Olumsuz olsaydı: No,she isn’t .(No, şi iznt)
-Is he a fireman? (No) ( O erkek bir itfaiyeci midir?-(Hayır)) ( iz hi e fayırmın)
-No, he isn’t.(Hayır, değildir.) (no, hi iznt)
Olumlu olsaydı: Yes, he is.(yes, hi iz.)
-Is this a kitten? (Yes) (O bir bebek kedi midir? (Evet) (iz diz e kittın)
-Yes, it is.(Evet, öyledir.) ( yes, it iz.)
Olumsuz olsaydı: No, it isn’t.(no, it iznt)
-Are they tall? (No) ( Onlar uzun mudur? ) (Hayır) ( ar dey tool?)
-No, they aren’t.(Hayır, değildirler.)(no, dey arınt.)
Olumlu olsaydı: Yes, they are. (Yes, dey ar.)
-Are you hungry? ( Yes) ( Aç mısın?) (Evet) ( ar yu hangri)
-Yes, I am.( Evet, öyleyim.) (yes, ay em.)
Olumsuz olsaydı: No, I am not.(Hayır, değilim.) (No, ay em nat.)
Burada bu soruyu çoğul kişi olarak sizlere de sormuş olabilirdi..Demek istediğimiz “you”hem sen hemde siz manasına geliyor biliyorsunuz ki.Eğer soru sizlere sorulmuş olsaydı cevap şekliniz.”Yes, we are. “ ( yes, vi ar) şeklinde olmalıydı. Olumsuz cevabınızda ise: No, we aren’t.(No,vi arınt.)
Lütfen diğerlerini siz cevaplandırınız.(Önce olumlu ve sonra olumsuz şekilde.)
1-Are you OK?
-
-
2-Are we ready?
-
-
3-Are they busy?
-
-
4-Is she old?
-
-
5-Is he there?
-
-
6-Is this a cat ?
-
-
Cevap Anahtarı:
1) Yes, I’m.
No, I’m not.
2) Yes, we are.
No, we aren’t.
3) Yes, they are.
No, they aren’t.
4) Yes, she is.
No, she isn’t.
5) Yes, he is.
No, he isn’t.
6) Yes, it is.
No, it isn’t.
OLUMSUZ CÜMLE YAPISI
Olumsuz cümle yapısında olumsuzluk eki olan “not” kelimesini kullanıyoruz.
-I am not going to school. (Ben okula gitmiyorum.) (ay em nat going tu skul)
(I’m not going to school.)
-She is not a nurse. (She isn’t a nurse.) ( O kız/kadın bir hemşire değildir.) (şi iznt e nörs)
- He is not late. (He isn’t late.) (O erkek geç kalmadı) (hi iznt leyt)
-They are not an engineer. (They aren’t an engineer.) (Onlar mühendis değildir.) (dey arınt en enciniyır)
-We are not busy. (We aren’t busy.)(Biz meşgul değiliz.) (vi arınt bizi)
-It is not a bird. (It isn’t a bird.) (O bir kuş değildir.) (it iznt e börd)
- You are not my sister. ( You aren’t my sister.) (Sen/siz benim kız kardeşim değilsin/değilsiniz) (yu arınt may sistır.)
Lütfen parantez içinde verilen kısaltılmış şekilde yazılışlarına dikkat ediniz.Karşınıza en çok bu şekillerde çıkacaklarını unutmayınız.
Şimdi sıra sizde
1) I ……………….going to school today.( olumsuz)
2) She …………a teacher.(olumsuz)
3) Mehmet ……… my friend. (olumsuz)
4) It ………… a chair. (olumsuz)
5) Ricky and Claire …………..washing the dishes. (olumsuz)
6) You ………….. a policeman.
7) Me and my boyfriend………………. going to join you.
Cevap Anahtarı: 1) am not 2) isn’t 3) isn’t 4) isn’t 5) aren’t 6) aren’t 7) aren’t
(-To be )
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amİNGİLİZCE gramer CÜMLE YAPISI VE DİLBİLGİSİ
DERS 1
İNGİLİZCE CÜMLE YAPISI VE DİLBİLGİSİ
İngilizce öğrenmeye başlarken ilk öncelikle öğrenmeniz gereken dilbilgisi ile cümle yapılarıdır.
İngilizce’de cümle kuruluşları Tükçe’deki cümle kuruluşundan farklıdır. Basit olarak;
Özne + (-to be/am, is, are ) + Nesne (İsim Cümlesi)
(Subject) + (-to be/am, is, are)+ (Object)
Veya
Özne +Yüklem + Nesne (Fiil Cümlesi) şeklindedir.
(Subject) + (Verb)+ (Object)
İlerideki derslerimizde zarfların, edatların, sıfatların vs. cümle içinde ne şekilde kullanılacağını ve cümle yapılarını öğreneceğiz.
Temel cümle yapısında “Özne” en başta yer aldığı için ilk dersimizde şahıs zamirlerini (personal pronouns) anlatıp örneklerle pekiştireceğiz.
I
(ay)
Ben
Tekil (Singular)
You
(yu)
Sen
Tekil (Singular)
He
(hi)
O (Erkekler için)
Tekil (Singular)
She
(şi)
O (Kadınlar için)
Tekil (Singular)
It
(it)
O (Hayvanlar ve cansız nesneler için)
Tekil (Singular)
We
(vi)
Biz
Çoğul (Plural)
You
(yu)
Siz
Çoğul (Plural)
They
(dey)
Onlar
Çoğul (Plural)
Cümle kurarken öznenin ardından (-to be/olmak) fiilini ekleyerek (olmak fiili am, is, are’dır) örneklerle şahıs zamirlerini pekiştirmeye çalışalım.
(Not: Verb to be zamanlara göre was, were şeklini almaktadır ki bunlara ileride zamanlar konusunda değineceğiz. O yüzden şimdilik sadece; konu yalın şekilde anlatılmıştır.)
I
am
(em)
You
are
We
are
(ar)
They
are
He
is
She
is
(iz)
It
is
“We” den bahsederken hakkında konuştuğunuz topluluğun içinde mutlaka sizinde olmanız gerekiyor.
Örneğin Siz ve kız kardeşiniz ile ilgili bir olaydan bahsederken (Me and my sister are playing cards.) Burada “me” (ben anlamında) ve sizin kız kardeşinizden biz olarak bahsedeceğiniz için cümle “are” ile kurulmak durumundadır. (zaman geçmiş zaman değil ise)
Yukarıdaki tabloda Verb –to be fiilinin şahıs zamirleriyle nasıl kullanıldığını görmektesiniz. Daha iyi anlamanız için aşağıdaki örnekleri dikkatlice inceleyiniz.
EXAMPLES : (ekzampıls)/ÖRNEKLER
-I am a student. (I’m a student) (Ben bir öğrenciyim.) (ay em e sütudınt)
Not: (I am-I’m) Diğer bir yazılış şekli. En çok bu formatta rastlarsınız.
-You are a teacher. (You’re a teacher) (Sen/siz bir öğretmensin/öğretmensiniz.) (yu ar e tiçır)
Not: “are” in kısaltılmış şekli. Bu kısaltmayı “we” ve “they “ içinde kullanıyorsunuz.
-We are going to school.(Biz okula gidiyoruz) (vi ar going tu skul)
-They are studying.(Onlar ders çalışıyorlar.) (dey ar stadiying)
-He is a manager. (He’s a manager.) (O erkek bir müdürdür.) (hi iz e menecır)
Not: Aynı şekilde “is” in kısaltılmış şekli. Bu kısaltmayı “she” ve “it” içinde kullanıyorsunuz.
-She is a model.(O kız/kadın bir modeldir.) (şi iz e madıl)
-It is a cat. (O bir kedidir.) (it iz e ket)
ingilizce test 2
Şıkları kuta görmektesiniz. Doğru cevabı tıklayınca altta göreceksiniz.
Adventurer Steve Fossett Set More Than 100 World Records Five Different Sports
He flew around world alone by plane and by hot-air balloon.
But his plane disappeared during short flight from state Nevada. Transcript radio broadcast:
20 January 2009And I'm Doug Johnson with EXPLORATIONS VOA Special English.
Today we tell about adventurer and explorer Steve Fossett.
He famous extraordinary efforts setting world records flying, ballooning and sailing.
He set or broke more than one hundred records five different sports.
Many these records still hold. He also competed running, dog racing and swimming.
Fossett pushed limits his abilities reach his many goals.
And, his many projects helped advance science and technology flight.
Steve Fossett did not really look like or sound like person who extreme athlete and adventurer.
But he made career out using his energy and intelligence aim and reach some most difficult goals sailing and flying.
STEVE FOSSETT: "What really appealed me adventure and personal achievement.
I never tired satisfaction reaching summit another mountain peak."
Fossett once said that he most proud being first person fly around the world alone hot-air balloon.
nineteen ninety-five he had some practice when he became first person fly alone hot-air balloon across Pacific Ocean.
make trip around world alone, it necessary have improved autopilot device.
Fossett had one his team members develop more advanced balloon autopilot that would allow him safely sleep and do other tasks while flying.
Steve Fossett attempted hot-air balloon trip around world six times.
This not easy do.
He flew balloon's capsule that so small he could not stand upright.
During his fourth attempt nineteen ninety-eight, he was almost killed during thunderstorm off coast Australia.
He fell nine thousand meters into Coral Sea with his balloon's capsule fire.
He later rescued at sea.
STEVE FOSSETT: Surely, we'd learned from so many mistakes, and I due put it all together.
Steve Fossett capsule Spirit Freedom balloon
Steve Fossett capsule Spirit Freedom balloon
Fossett successfully made trip two thousand two.
trip started and ended Australia.
He travelled more than thirty-three thousand kilometers more than fourteen days.
He only slept about three hours day.
Much his flight took place at altitude more than eight thousand meters, so he had to breathe air from liquid oxygen system.
this flight, Fossett set other records including speed record three hundred twenty-two kilometers per hour.
One main problem with earlier balloon flights threat dangerous storms.
team weather experts e-mailed and talked Fossett by satellite telephone help him avoid such weather.
The capsule Steve Fossett's hot-air balloon, Spirit Freedom, is at Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum Washington, D.C.
It is there as an example other people try and succeed doing something important them.
James Stephen Fossett born nineteen forty-four Jackson, Tennessee.
He grew up Garden Grove, California.
His father supervisor soap factory owned by Proctor & Gamble company.
Steve learned hike and climb mountains.
He said that when he twelve years old, he climbed his first mountain, and he kept going by choosing bigger and bigger goals.
Steve Fossett attended Stanford University Palo Alto, California and earned degree economics.
nineteen sixty-eight, he received graduate degree business from Washington University Saint Louis, Missouri. He married his wife, Peggy, that same year.
Fossett became successful working as financial trader Chicago, Illinois.
He formed his own company, Lakota Trading, nineteen eighty.
He became very wealthy. Fossett successful as trader same reasons he would become skilled explorer: he competitive, smart and careful.
Steve Fossett made millions dollars. But he began miss sports he had found so interesting his youth.
So he began climbing mountains and competing in running and skiing races.
He used his money finance his many adventurous projects.
Other large projects financed by companies or individuals.
He began climbing mountains with his friend, Pat Morrow, nineteen eighties.
Pat Morrow trying become first person climb Seven Summits, highest mountains each continent.
Fossett climbed highest mountain every continent except Mount Everest.
He also trained swim length English Channel between France and England.
It took him four attempts over several years.
But nineteen eighty-five, he became two hundred and seventieth person swim across Channel.
Fossett began spend more and more his time adventure sports.
STEVE FOSSETT: nineteen ninety-one, I turned business career upside down.
I decided make business secondary and give my adventure goals primary focus my life.
I decided pursue highest goals sailing and ballooning.
ballooning, that would be make first round-the-world balloon flight.
The PlayStation catamaran. During this period, Steve Fossett began his many attempts fly around world hot-air balloon.
He also started setting sailing speed and distance records. He set total twenty-one world sailing records.
example, he set speed records race around Ireland as well as Transpac race, from San Francisco Hawaii.
He hired special boat designers create catamaran racing boat made out aerospace-technology carbon fiber.
boat called PlayStation, then later renamed Cheyenne. two thousand four, Fossett and his crew sailed around world fifty-eight days, six days faster than earlier record.
Many Steve Fossett's most extraordinary adventures as pilot. two thousand five, he became first person fly plane alone around world without stopping fuel.
He flew almost thirty-seven thousand kilometers sixty-seven hours.
The GlobalFlyer plane, now collection Smithsonian Air and Space Museum.
The next year he set nonstop distance record plane flying with one pilot.
He flew from Florida England, long way, covering more than forty-one thousand kilometers just under seventy-seven hours.
He made these flights GlobalFlyer, plane supported by Richard Branson, owner the Virgin Atlantic company.
special technologies and inventions used make this plane helped further science flight.
Also two thousand six, Fossett and another pilot set altitude record flying glider, plane with no engine.
They flew glider into Earth's stratosphere at height more than fifteen thousand meters.
That one ten world records Fossett set flying glider.
Steve Fossett did not limit himself sailing and flying.
He also competed the one thousand eight hundred kilometer race through Alaska called Iditarod Dogsled Race.
And, he entered Ironman Triathlon Hawaii.
Competitors must complete one hundred eighty kilometers bicycling, forty-two kilometers running and almost four kilometers swimming.
Steve Fossett once said that he did not like risks. He knew this might sound strange given his activities.
But he said what he tried do reduce risk with careful planning, technological development and help best scientists and other experts.
He said he did not do sports because excitement but personal success.
Yet, no amount planning can prevent possibility risk life. September two thousand seven, Steve Fossett flew small plane from private ranch state Nevada.
His plan return few hours. But his plane disappeared. months, state, private, and volunteer rescue teams searched area where his plane believed have flown. February two thousand eight, judge Chicago declared Steve Fossett legally dead.
He sixty-three years old.
A year after he disappeared, hiker eastern California found Fossett's pilot's license.
Rescue teams began search again, this time finding pieces of his plane.
Genetic testing pieces bone found near crash area later identified them as Steve Fossett's.
Steve Fossett succeeded all areas air travel except space.
He once said that flying space shuttle would be very interesting, but if he went into space, he would have wanted be pilot.
This independence, bravery and energy made Steve Fossett one great adventurers modern times.
This program written and produced by Dana Demange. I'm Steve Ember
And I'm Doug Johnson.
Adventurer Set More Than World Records in Five Different Sports
His disappeared during a short flight from the state of .
Fossett once said that he was most proud of being the first person to around the world alone in a .
Steve Fossett attempted the hot-air balloon trip around the world times.
The capsule of Steve Fossett's hot-air balloon, the Spirit of Freedom, is at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in
James Stephen Fossett was born in in Jackson, Tennessee.
Steve Fossett attended University in Palo Alto, California and earned a degree in
In nineteen sixty-eight, he received a degree in business from University in Saint Louis, Missouri.
He married his wife, , that same year.
Fossett became successful working as a trader in
He set a total of world sailing records.
In , Fossett and his crew sailed around the world in days, six days faster than the earlier record.
He also competed in the one thousand eight hundred kilometer race through Alaska called the Dogsled Race.
In September of , Steve Fossett flew a small plane from a private ranch in the state of
He was years old.
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